Based on the analysis of the U.S. law, this chapter argues that a much more systemic approach with appropriate premarket testing is needed to reduce exposures to toxicants. I describe the contamination of citizens, sketching some findings from developmental toxicology. I review failures of reckless postmarket laws and diagnose some of these failures. Learning from the ethics of medical experimentation and premarket laws, I suggest more prudent legal structures. The chapter first highlights that the adverse health effects of toxicants are much wider than cancer. People are at risk for reproductive effects, immune system dysfunction, and neurological problems, among others.